【唐文明】性靈儒學：康有為與一包養經驗理學的交涉

Kang Youxi was the one who loved Zhu Ciqi from his early years. However, few people believed that Kang Youxi inherited Zhu Ciqi’s learning. [2]

The way to study in the combination of Zhu Ciqi is to “the history of nature and reason to be understood” – this statement obviously neglects learning. It should be said that it is based on Zhu Zi’s nature and reason as the basis of the study of history, and he believes that he “has interested in advocating a new kind of learning, which is actually the palace of old learning”, but he also pointed out that “Zhigui’s study was the only one who had to be a lonely geese at that time. From the study of Youjian Chaoliang, it seems that he could not inherit his studies, but he was still a scholar from the Qianlong and Jiaqing school. Kang You was unable to get a job because he was studying in the door of his hometown. He turned to his current literary studies and was also circulating in Buddhist scriptures. His intention to study in Zhigui’s study was even further away.” [3]

A largely popular opinion in the academic world is that Kang You is the most memorable person in learning Kung Fu.

It is like the timely speech of Chan Lin and Kang Youshi’s timely speech is representative: “After his life’s thoughts, although they have changed from a sudden change, they have transformed their family from a sharp and solid old school, he has put more effort into a strong and scented school in his life, and the school that has been compared before and after is still the school of the Shu and Wang. When he was in the Wanmu Caotang, he still taught Liang Rengong and Chen Qianqiu that “Teaching to learn Wang Xin” (see Liang Rengong’s “Thirty Self-Report”). He wrote a book and said that the capital was the first to be ” Six times, I pay attention to my energy, pick up articles to discover his opinions. His book “New Study of the Study” is called “the land and king in the examination” (Xi Mu: “Nearly Three Hundred Academic History of China”), which is indeed true. Many of his passionate fantasies in “The Book of Greatest” include the destruction of the family, the common people of the public, the world, the form, the category, the level, etc., and are also close to the rampant faction of the kingdom. In his late years, he proposed that “unbearable” was his own choice.The name of the publication is also close to Mencius’s obsession and his confidant. ”[4]

If we put the above two views together and understand Kang Yousheng from the development of science, then it is not difficult for us to learn Kang Yousheng to enter the world and Wang Xinxue instead of Zhu Zisheng. But this is definitely not a fair argument: on the one hand, Kang Yousheng’s connection with Zhu Zisheng is not as pure as Mom believes; on the other hand, Kang Yousheng’s remarks about Zhu and Wang Xinxue are not as important as Jo Lin believes. [5]

However, the purpose of this article is not to raise doubts about the above-mentioned explanations of Moi Mu and Jin Lin, but to try to clarify how Kang You made a living from the perspective of negotiating with science. In his early years, he proposed Confucian thoughts on the road of learning science and history.

Kang You studied from Zhu Ciqi from the age of 19 to 21, nearly three years ago. This period of experience in learning from Kang YouIn order to protect the pipeline, he said that since then, he has “get the essence of the great way of the holy teachings” [6]:

“The teacher and the teacher are very virtuous and well-behaved, and the book is a group of books. His academic academic skills are between Jingshui and Dongli, close to Guochao Tinglin and Chuanshan, and are overwhelmed by virtue. …The teacher and the teacher stand up thousands of miles apart, and his studies are all practical and practical. The worldly defilement is particularly important, and the economics are the most important, and the economics are not talking about empty talks about useless high-level discussions. The constant words of the teachings are called the Four Elements and Five Learnings. The four practitioners are filial piety and brotherly love, respect for fame, change their temperament, and realize their power; the five learnings are learning, literature, learning about the anecdotes, learning about nature and reason, and learning about lyrics. The teacher and the teacher have a method to move, advance and retreat in moderation, and remember the news. Every discussion and study, you can follow the present and ancient times, and be able to express your words, develop the foundation of the saints, cultivate the meaning of loving others, go to the doors of Han and Song dynasties, and learn from Confucius. When you hold hands and receive teachings at the time, it is like a traveler who gets a night’s life. If the blind sees it, he will cleanse his heart and desires and follow it. He will take the saints as expected, and he will read the books as possible before the age of thirty. He will be able to establish his whole body, and he will be able to do it. ”[7]

Xu Mu has pointed out that during his long-term lecture, Zhu Ciqi’s teaching leader “Four Elements and Five Learnings” had a great impact on Kang. [8]

In fact, the “Four Elements and Five Learnings” had a great impact on Kang You’s personal practice, learning, or his final teaching activities.

In terms of personal practice, from Zhu Ciqi’s “Four Etiquettes”, it can be said that there are viewers. Liang Qichao’s “Travels of Nanhai Kangs” mentioned that “the teacher and the teacher serve his mother with filial piety”, which shows KangThere is a sense of “being filial piety and kindness”. [9]

In 1917, Zhang Xun revenged the throne, and Kang You was involved in the matter. Liang Qichao talked about this matter in “Public Memorial to Teacher Kang Nanhai” and said: “In the battle of revenge, many people use this as a teacher to explain the disease. Even though I, a boy, dare not follow it and respond. Although my husband has his own character, each has its own roots and ends. The reason why the teacher left his own way is to say that he cannot get the right one. I have reported the knowledge of the late emperor on the ground, and I respect my king’s son. I do not go to the nest with people, and the pine tree does not change its habits by being cold. I will only protect the greatness of the whole country, but also decide to do my heart. This is why my teacher’s old man is a man who is entrusted to the fate of the young man. I am now holding a coffin and discussing it. “[10]

This shows Kang Youyi’s “respecting fame”. As for “change the quality”, Kang Youwei attaches great importance to it, which can be summarized from the self-report of “My History”. The fifth year of Guangchang: “I took the study of Tie Kuan at that time and devoted myself to nourish my heart. God and I were able to save it, and I mourned the world and mourned the world as my ambition.” The seventh year of Guangchang: “When I read the books of Confucian Song, there are many books of Confucian Song, such as “Zhengyi Tang Collection” and “Zhu Zi Selected Collection”. I worked hard and took the pain of the famous scholar Wu Kangqi as the method, took the sacred white sand, and learned the economy of the pavilion forest, so I abandoned the prose and did not reconcile it.”[11]

When Lu Xiang’s father talked about “Studying Style in Caotang” in “Wanmu Caotang Old”, he specifically described Kang You’s emphasis on “testing the power”: “The power of Wanmu Caotang is enough to describe. Everyone must wear long clothes in the hall. Although Qi is cold and hot, there is no short clothes to reveal their feet. …Kang’s movement is serious and he has not seen his feet intersecting. He has been teaching in the hall for a long time, but his eight characters are still unremitting.” [12]

In terms of learning, although Kang You later became famous for his current literature, which was different from Nai’s scholars, the way of promoting the great teachings of the saints was the beginning of the world, and the main theme of “sweeping to Han and Song dynasties and studying under Confucius” was not changed. Moreover, to put it bluntly, even Kang Youwei’s current literary learning initiative can actually learn the knowledge of natural reason and the learning of history.

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